An Integrated NMR, LC-DAD-MS, LC-QTOF Metabolomic Characterization of Sartoria hedysaroides: Correlation of Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activity with Chemical Composition by Multivariate Data Analysis

Sartoria hedysaroides Boiss and Heldr. (Fabaceae) is an endemic plant of Turkey that has received little scientific consideration so far. In the present study, the chemical profiles of extracts from the aerial part and roots of S. hedysaroides obtained using solvents with different polarities were analyzed combining integrated NMR, LC-DAD-MSn, and LC-QTOF methods. In vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities were evaluated, and the results were combined with chemical data using multivariate approaches. Phenolic acids, flavonoids, ellagitannins, and coumarins were identified and quantified in the extracts of aerial part and roots. Methanolic extract of S. hedysaroides aerial part showed the highest phenolic content and the highest antioxidant activity and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity. Dichloromethane extract of S. hedysaroides roots showed the highest inhibition of butyryl cholinesterase, while methanolic extract of S. hedysaroides aerial part was the most active tyrosinase inhibitor. Multivariate data analysis allowed us to observe a good correlation between phenolic compounds, especially caffeoylquinic derivatives and flavonoids and the antioxidant activity of extracts. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition was correlated with the presence of caffeoylquinic acids and coumarins. Overall, the present study appraised the biological potential of understudied S. hedysaroides, and provided a comprehensive approach combining metabolomic characterization of plant material and multivariate data analysis for the correlation of chemical data with results from multi-target biological assays

An Integrated NMR, LC-DAD-MS, LC-QTOF Metabolomic Characterization of Sartoria hedysaroides: Correlation of Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activity with Chemical Composition by Multivariate Data Analysis

Sartoria hedysaroides Boiss and Heldr. (Fabaceae) is an endemic plant of Turkey that has received little scientific consideration so far. In the present study, the chemical profiles of extracts from the aerial part and roots of S. hedysaroides obtained using solvents with different polarities were analyzed combining integrated NMR, LC-DAD-MSn, and LC-QTOF methods. In vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities were evaluated, and the results were combined with chemical data using multivariate approaches. Phenolic acids, flavonoids, ellagitannins, and coumarins were identified and quantified in the extracts of aerial part and roots. Methanolic extract of S. hedysaroides aerial part showed the highest phenolic content and the highest antioxidant activity and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity. Dichloromethane extract of S. hedysaroides roots showed the highest inhibition of butyryl cholinesterase, while methanolic extract of S. hedysaroides aerial part was the most active tyrosinase inhibitor. Multivariate data analysis allowed us to observe a good correlation between phenolic compounds, especially caffeoylquinic derivatives and flavonoids and the antioxidant activity of extracts. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition was correlated with the presence of caffeoylquinic acids and coumarins. Overall, the present study appraised the biological potential of understudied S. hedysaroides, and provided a comprehensive approach combining metabolomic characterization of plant material and multivariate data analysis for the correlation of chemical data with results from multi-target biological assays

LC-MS, NMR fingerprint of Potentilla argentea and Potentilla recta extracts and their in vitro biopharmaceutical assessment

Many Potentilla species are used as traditional drugs in several countries and also studied for their possible therapeutic properties. As part of our continuous effort to shed light on the biopharmaceutical potential of such plant species, this study was aimed to establish the phytochemical fingerprinting and to evaluate biopharmaceutical potential of methanol, ethyl acetate, and water extracts obtained from the aerial parts of Potentilla recta L. and P. argentea L. Combination of 1 dimension, 2 dimension-nuclear magnetic resonance as well as LC-DAD-ESI-MS and LC-APCI-MS allowed the identification of ellagitannins, flavonol glycosides, and triterpene constituents. To quantify different constituents in the extracts obtained with different solvents, the total contents in phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, and triterpenoid were evaluated. The antioxidant activity was assessed by the means of metal chelation, phosphomolybdenum, radical quenching (by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] and 2,2\u2032-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)[ABTS]) and reduction ability (by cupric reducing antioxidant capacity [CUPRAC] and ferric reducing antioxidant power [FRAP]) assays. Phytochemical analysis showed similar composition of the tested methanol extracts. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, \u3b1-amylase, and \u3b1-glucosidase were selected as target enzymes to detect enzyme inhibitory potentials of these extracts. The water extract of P. argentea (113.29 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract) contained the highest phenolic amount while the methanol extract (519.70 mg quillaja equivalent /g extract) showed the highest saponin content. The water extract of both Potentilla species was the most potent ABTS scavenger as well as present the highest CUPRAC activity. The most potent inhibitory activity against AChE and BChE was observed for the ethyl acetate extracts of P. recta and P. argentea. The methanol extracts of P. recta (53.16 mmol acarbose equivalent [ACAE]/g extract) and P. argentea (45.68 mmol ACAE/g extract) were the most active inhibitors of \u3b1-glucosidase. Data collected from this study support the multiple therapeutic actions of P. recta and P. argentea and justify further pharmacological investigations for potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry

In vitro tyrosinase inhibitory and antioxidant potential of Consolida orientalis, Onosma isauricum and Spartium junceum from Turkey

WOS: 000456314600013Traditionally used botanical remedies have attracted much interest as pharmacological targets in the management and/or treatment of several diseases. Recently, they have been probed as tyrosinase inhibitors for the management of epidermal hyperpigmentation. This study aims to investigate into the antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory potential of methanol, ethyl acetate, and water extracts of three medicinal plants (Consolida orientalis (J. Gay) Schrodinger, Onosma isauricumBoiss. & Heldr. and Spartium junceumL.), fromTurkey. Methanolic extract of O. isauricum and S. junceum showed the highest phenolic (63.08 mgGAE/g extract) and flavonoid contents (45.55 mgRE/g extract). Additionally, O. isauricum methanolic extract exhibited the most powerful antioxidant capacity followed by methanolic extract of S. junceum (86.02 and 62.81 mgAAE/g extract, respectively). S. junceum extracts yielded the higher kojic acid equivalent values (21.42-23.04 mgKAE/g extract), confirming that these extracts were the most potent inhibitors of tyrosinase. S. junceum showed promising activity that warrant further studies and could be considered as a potent candidate for the development of phytoremedies for the management of epidermal hyperpigmentation. To the best of our knowledge, this study can be considered as the first report of on the antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory action of C. orientalis, O. isauricum, and S. junceum from Turkey. (c) 2018 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Exploring the chemical profiles and biological values of two spondias species (S. Dulcis and S. Mombin): Valuable sources of bioactive natural products

Spondias species have been used in traditional medicine for different human ailments. In this study, the effect of different solvents (ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) and extraction methods (infusion, maceration, and Soxhlet extraction) on the enzyme inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and antioxidant properties of S. mombin and S. dulcis leaves and stem bark were evaluated. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) yield in the identification and/or annotation of 98 compounds showing that the main secondary metabolites of the plant are gallic and ellagic acids and their derivatives, ellagitannins, hydroxybenzoic, hydroxycinnamic, acylquinic acids and flavonols, flavanones, and flavanonols. The leaves infusion of both Spondias species showed highest inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (10.10 and 10.45 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g, for S. dulcis and S. mombin, respectively). The ethyl acetate extracts of the stem bark of S. mombin and S. dulcis actively inhibited α-glucosidase. Methanolic extracts of the leaves and stem bark exhibited highest tyrosinase inhibitory action. Antioxidant activity and higher levels of phenolics were observed for the methanolic extracts of Spondias. The results suggested that the Spondias species could be considered as natural phyto-therapeutic agents in medicinal and cosmeceutical applications

Cola caricifolia (G.Don) K. Schum and Crotalaria retusa L. from Ivory Coast as sources of bioactive constituents

Cola caricifolia (G.Don) K. Schum and Crotalaria retusa L. are important plants in African traditional medicine used against a plethora of human ailments. In this study, phytochemical characterization and enzyme inhibitory assays were performed to assess the potential usefulness of C. caricifolia and C. retusa leaves extracts as source of bioactive constituents for potential industrial applications. The flavonoid content of C. caricifolia (22.27 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than C. retusa (12.45 mg RE/g) methanol extract. Inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase were evaluated for all the extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol, and water), whereby the best activity recorded for the methanol extracts. Additionally, the methanol extracts of C. caricifolia and C. retusa showed significant antioxidant activity in the phosphomolybdenum, metal chelating, reducing power, and radical scavenging assays. Flavonoid glycosides and caffeoyl derivatives were the most abundant constituents in C. caricifolia. Crotalaria retusa contained several flavonoid glycosides with structures not described previously. One new compound, kaempferol-6-C-\u3b2-glucopyranoside-3-O-\u3b2-glucopyranosil-6-O-caffeoyl ester has been elucidated using spectroscopic method in the current study. Derivatives present in minor amount were tentatively identified as kaempferol glycosides. Overall phytochemical investigations allowed the identification of flavonoid O and C glycosides, caffeic acid derivatives, and phytosterols from both plant extracts while pyrrolizidine alkaloids were identified in C. retusa. Structural characteristics of the new isolated compounds along with the most abundant constituents of the two extracts were elucidated allowing the observation of some structural moieties related to the observed activity. These observations highlighted the potential use of these plants as a source of multi-directional biological agents that could lead to bioproducts development

Uhplc-ms characterization and biological insights of different solvent extracts of two achillea species (A. aleppica and a. santolinoides) from Turkey

In the current study, Achillea santolinoides and Achillea aleppica aeral parts and root were extracted with ethyl acetate, methanol, and water. Detailed phytochemical profiles were obtained using UHPLC-MS, yielding the identification of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, phenolic acid glycosides and sugar esters, acylquinic acids, O-glycosyl flavones and flavonols, and flavonoid aglycons, among others. The antioxidant properties and enzyme inhibitory activities of the extracts were assayed with in vitro tests. The phenolic content of the water extracts was significantly higher as compared to the ethyl acetate and methanol ones. A. aleppica aerial parts methanol extract possessed highest flavonoid content (49.18 mg rutin equivalent/g). Antioxidant properties assess-ment revealed that the methanol extract of A. santolinoides roots actively scavenged DPPH (54.11 mg TE/g) and ABTS radicals (112.53 mg TE/g) and possessed highest reducing potential (183.55 and 129.92 mg TE/g, for CUPRAC and FRAP, respectively). The ethyl acetate extracts of aerial parts and roots of both species showed highest inhibition against BuCHE (6.07\u20136.76 mg GALAE/g). The ethyl acetate extract of A. santolinoides aerial part showed highest inhibition against tyrosinase (73.00 mg KAE/g). These results showed that the tested Achillea species might represent novel phytotherapeu-tic avenues for the management of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and epidermal hyperpigmentation condi-tions, which are both associated with oxidative stress. This paper could shed light into future potential industrial applications using the tested Achillea species

Profiling of polyphenols and sesquiterpenoids using different extraction methods in Muscari turcicum, an endemic plant from Turkey

Muscari turcicum, endemic to south Anatolia, Turkey, represents an unexplored crop plant, with potential therapeutic uses related to its phytochemical composition. In this work, the in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity of flower, leaf and bulb extracts, obtained using different extraction methods were evaluated. A comprehensive polyphenolic and sesquiterpene lactones profiling of the different extracts was also undertaken. For this purpose, UHPLC-QTOF mass spectrometry allowed us to putatively annotate 280 phytochemical compounds of which 162 were polyphenols and 118 were sesquiterpene lactones. The most abundant polyphenols were flavonoids (77 compounds), phenolic acids (34 compounds), and low molecular weight phenols (38 compounds). Muscari turcicum leaf methanol extract possessed the highest concentrations of low-molecular-weight phenolics, phenolic acids, and sesquiterpene lactones (20.61, 7.00, and 3.44 mg standard equivalent/g, respectively). The water extract of M. turcicum flower obtained by infusion showed prominent reducing (120.52 mg Trolox equivalent [TE]/g mg TE/g for both CUPRAC and FRAP) and radical scavenging potential (91.39 mg TE/g, for DPPH assay). Besides, M. turcicum flower methanol extract (13.44 mg EDTA equivalent/g) showed the highest metal chelating activity. Interestingly, methanol extracts obtained by Soxhlet extraction and maceration actively inhibited tyrosinase (129.36 mg kojic acid equivalent/g) and cholinesterases (5.15 mg galantamine equivalent [GALAE]/g and 6.16 mg GALAE/g, for acetyl and butyryl cholinesterase) respectively. Strong correlations (p &lt; 0.01) were observed between polyphenols/sesquiterpenoids and observed biological activities. Scientific evidences presented in this study has provided baseline data for bioprospection of novel pharmaceutical/cosmetic candidates from Muscari turcicum, thus supporting its therapeutic exploitation

Influence of different extraction techniques on the chemical profile and biological properties of Anthemis cotula L.: Multifunctional aspects for potential pharmaceutical applications

The phytochemical composition of different extracts obtained from stinking chamomile (Anthemis cotula L.)was investigated. Ethanol was used as solvent and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), microwave assisted extraction (MAE), maceration, soxhlet extraction (SE), and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE)were applied on plant material. Comparison of the phytochemical contents, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory properties were performed. The most abundant sesquiterpene in the extracts was anthecotuloide, while the most present phenolics were caffeoyl quinic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol derivatives. UAE extract was the most efficient in the extraction of sesquiterpenoids and polyphenols. Considering the assays on antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibition, ASE extract showed highest phenolic content (62.92 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract). Likewise, this extract showed highest radical scavenging (103.44 mg trolox equivalent [TE]/g extract and 155.70 mg TE/g extract, for DPPH and ABTS assays respectively)and reducing power potential (435.32 and 317.89 mg TE/g extract, for CUPRAC and FRAP assays, respectively). The different extracts showed similar results in the enzyme inhibition assays suggesting that the extraction methods used have no effect on observed enzyme activities. Novelty of our findings are the inhibitory action of the ethanol extract of A. cotula aerial parts on key enzymes associated with Alzheimer's disease (acetyl cholinesterase, butyryl cholinesterase), type 2 diabetes (\u3b1-amylase, \u3b1-glucosidase), and skin hyperpigmentation disorders (tyrosinase). Data collected from the present work further appraises the multiple potential biological properties of stinking chamomile suggesting the need for further investigation on its constituents

A comparative bio-evaluation and chemical profiles of Calendula officinalis L. extracts prepared via different extraction techniques

Calendula officinalis L., (marigold), well known for its medicinal properties, has been extensively studied for its therapeutic properties. Nonetheless, as far as the literature could establish, no study has attempted to comparatively assess the biological (antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential) of the flowers, leaves, and roots of C. officinalis extracted using conventional (maceration and Soxhlet extraction (SE)) and non-conventional extraction (homogenizer (HAE) and ultrasound (UAE) assisted extraction) techniques. The detailed phytochemical profile of each extract along with the concentration of specific bioactive compounds has also been established. Total phenolic content was highest for the flower extracts while flavonoid content was highest in the leaf extracts. Phytochemical profiling showed that the extraction method influenced the phytochemical composition of the extract. Nicotiflorin was identified in the flower extracts only while amentoflavone occurred only in the roots, inferring that the occurrence of bioactive compounds varies within a plant. The flower extracts showed highest antioxidant potential while the roots extracts were potent inhibitors of cholinesterase and tyrosinase. This study provides valuable data on the influence of extraction techniques on the recovery of bioactive compounds from plants. In an endeavor to scale-up extraction from plant considering the more efficient extraction method is of paramount importance. Moreover, the study highlighted the necessity to thoroughly examine the biological activities of various parts of a plant obtained via different extraction protocols